2025- San Diego

Thursday, October 09, 2025

10:00-11:00 AM: Poster Session: Exhibit Hall F, G, & H

Poster K7: Rapid Prediction of Multimodal Axonal Responses Using a Deep Learning Model

  • Presenting Author: Chaokai Zhang, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Songbai Ji, PhD

Introduction: 

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is the hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which involves axonal damage potentially throughout the white matter. Traditional finite elements (FE) models capture brain tissue deformation at the organ level but cannot resolve subcellular damage within individual axons. Conversely, microscale axon models can simulate the mechanics of axonal injury in detail, but these simulations are computationally prohibitive and cannot feasibly be extended to the millions of axons in the whole white matter. Therefore, while it is valuable to evaluate microscale axonal injury across the entire white matter, it is also extremely challenging due to the computational bottleneck. To resolve this limitation, we were inspired by the recent success of using a deep learning surrogate to dramatically improve the model simulation efficiency compared to the conventional direct model simulation using a whole-brain injury model. Here, we similarly develop a deep learning approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to rapidly inference multimodal axonal responses. The CNN is trained to learn the complex relationship between fiber strain profiles and microscopic axonal responses, enabling rapid (on the order of seconds) and accurate predictions of axonal responses throughout the white matter. This model allows future large-scale investigations of axonal responses not feasible with conventional, direct simulation methods.

Poster K9: On-field Head Acceleration Exposure Measurement Using Instrumented Mouthguards: Missing Data Imputation for Complete Exposure Analysis

  • Presenting Author: David Luke MASc, University of British Columbia
  • Co-Author: Songbai Ji, PhD, Chaokai Zhang, PhD Candidate

Introduction:

Repetitive head acceleration events (HAEs) are increasingly recognized as contributors to both acute concussions and long-term neurological impairment in contact-sport athletes. While high-magnitude HAEs can result in immediate injury, there is growing concern that repetitive, lower-magnitude HAEs may also pose cumulative risks to brain health. However, the development of reliable exposure-risk models is hindered by inconsistent and incomplete HAE measurement. Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and video verification are widely used to quantify on-field HAEs, yet both methods are susceptible to missing data due to factors such as limited camera coverage, athlete noncompliance, and sensor malfunction. In our previous work, we observed substantial HAE data missingness despite adherence to current best practices. This study presents a novel approach to estimating complete HAE exposure by applying domain-specific imputation methods to address missing video and iMG data. We show that statistical mapping and machine learning-based multiple imputation (MI) can reconstruct full-season exposure profiles with greater accuracy than raw captured data alone. Our work demonstrates that missing data techniques are critical for generating complete and reliable HAE exposure estimates, thereby improving the quality of research into both acute and long-term risks of brain trauma in sport.

Poster J19: Shear-Induced Deformation and Drug Effects on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Biomechanical Properties and Cytoskeletal Structure

  • Presenting Author: John Obayemi, PhD
  • Co-Author: Yasaman Ganjineh ’25 (MEng Student), Delany Lippert ‘25, Eleni Xhupi ’25 (MS Student)

Introduction:

This study investigates the biomechanical and structural responses of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to chemotherapeutic agents, aiming to inform novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Using the MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell line, we examined the effects of Paclitaxel (PTX) and Prodigiosin (PGs) drugs through shear assay techniques integrated with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) software to assess viscoelastic properties, including shear strain, displacement over time, and modulus. Structural deformation was concurrently evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence staining to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights. PTX-treated groups exhibited burst drug release profiles, while PGs-treated cells showed sustained release. Notably, all treated samples demonstrated substantial cellular degradation at the 12-hour mark. Over time, the mechanical response of treated cells indicated a decrease in Young’s modulus and an increase in displacement, signifying compromised cellular integrity. These findings highlight the utilization of biomechanical and structural assessments in evaluating drug efficacy and guiding the development of targeted cancer therapies.

Poster M26: Competency-based Grading, Exam Corrections, and Token Economy in a BME Classroom: Impacts on Student Learning and Instructor Workload

  • Presenting Author: Yonghui Ding, PhD

Introduction:

Traditional grading systems in undergraduate engineering education often rely on cumulative point-based assessments across homework assignments, quizzes, exams, and projects. Grades are typically assigned based on overall averages, with limited emphasis on the demonstration of specific competencies. As a result, students may prioritize point accumulation over true mastery of fundamental concepts, often leaving critical knowledge gaps unaddressed. Simultaneously, instructors face substantial grading burdens and administrative inefficiencies, particularly in managing minor assignments and student requests for accommodations. Furthermore, traditional exam practices treat exams as one-time, high-stakes assessments with no opportunity for revision, contributing to elevated student anxiety and dissatisfaction. Here, we compare outcomes from two sequential offerings of a sophomore-level course, Introduction to Biomaterials. The first offering employed a traditional grading model without exam correction opportunities, while the second offering implemented a competency-based grading system combined with exam correction opportunities and a token-based flexibility system.

Poster M30: Comprehensive Analysis of Longitudinal Cortical Morphometry Patterns in Collegiate Contact Sport Athletes

  • Presenting Author: Daniel Bondi, University of British Columbia
  • Co-Author: Songbai Ji, PhD

Introduction:

The repetitive concussive and sub-concussive head impact (RHI) exposure associated with contact sports poses significant neurological risks to athletes. There are rising concerns of longitudinal neuropathology, predominantly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), that has increasingly been associated with contact sport participation. CTE is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau protein clusters around small cerebral blood vessels at the depths of sulci. In early stages, the tau protein deposits are primarily observed in the frontal and temporal lobes.

Critical neurodevelopmental changes occur during adolescence and into early adulthood. Understanding how RHI exposure affects cortical development in collegiate athletes is essential for determining the long-term neurological consequences of contact sports. Furthermore, by isolating regions of interest (ROIs) previously associated with early-stage CTE, we can potentially identify preliminary pathogenetic indicators in these areas.

Acutely, previous literature has shown that RHI exposure can significantly influence cortical morphometry in athletes of all ages. However, there is no clear consensus on the direction of association between RHI exposure and cortical metrics. Additionally, there are few longitudinal studies focused on these cortical parameters, with little investigation beyond American football athletes. To address these research gaps, we investigated longitudinal cortical morphometry in women’s and men’s collegiate contact sport athletes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Primarily, we expect to see a reduction in age-related cortical thinning in contact sports athletes. In addition, we may see contact sport-related changes in cortical and subcortical volume, sulcal depth, and sulcal curvature.

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a surface receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), a known fluid shear sensor in the apical glycocalyx shown to influence the development of cardiovascular disease. The role of basal CD44 and HA in mechanotransduction and EC remodeling is unclear. Here we aim to examine the relationship between shear stress and CD44 and HA-instigated EC remodeling by visualizing basal CD44 and HA expression and cytoskeletal alignment under normal and pathophysiological conditions.

Poster S4: Development of Physiological Mock Loop for Hemodynamic Assessment for Pediatric Heart Valves

  • Presenting Author: Sucheta Tamragouri. PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Zhenglun Alan Wei
  • Co-Author: Maduka Maduka, Post-Doctoral Fellow

Introduction:

Congenital heart defects are the most prevalent birth anomalies with over 25% involving heart valve (HV) issues. Prosthetic HVs are commonly used for congenital HV problems; however, these prosthetics, typically fixed in size, require children to undergo multiple surgeries as they grow. This necessitates the development of growth-adaptive pediatric HVs (GAP-HVs). It is crucial to examine the flow mechanics of GAP-HVs throughout a patient’s growth to assess their effectiveness. Yet, minimal research has been done on how these valves perform over time. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and dye injection are well-established experimental methods for flow visualization. The Food and Drug Administration recognizes PIV for the design and regulatory process of adult heart valves. However, no standard has been made for its application to pediatric valves. Historically, biologically relevant studies using these methods have been conducted on scales much larger than those of early pediatric cardiovascular structures (milli-scale). Consequently, no established guidelines exist for in vitro flow quantification in GAP-HVs. Recent advancements have enhanced milli-PIV’s capability to resolve complex flows. However, this technique has not yet been applied to a physiologically relevant, milli-scale scenario. Therefore, this project aims to develop milli-PIV to create an original, first-of-its-kind in vitro workflow for pediatric heart valve evaluation.

Poster T24: Stomonitor: An Innovative Solution to Preventing Leaks in Ostomy Bags

  • Presenting Author: Theresa Rosato ’24, Martin Fortou ‘24
  • Advisor: Dirk Albrecht, PhD, Solomon Mensah, PhD
  • Co-Author: Sophia Mularoni ‘24

Introduction:

Congenital heart defects are the most prevalent birth anomalies with over 25% involving heart valve (HV) issues. Prosthetic HVs are commonly used for congenital HV problems; however, these prosthetics, typically fixed in size, require children to undergo multiple surgeries as they grow. This necessitates the development of growth-adaptive pediatric HVs (GAP-HVs). It is crucial to examine the flow mechanics of GAP-HVs throughout a patient’s growth to assess their effectiveness. Yet, minimal research has been done on how these valves perform over time. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and dye injection are well-established experimental methods for flow visualization. The Food and Drug Administration recognizes PIV for the design and regulatory process of adult heart valves. However, no standard has been made for its application to pediatric valves. Historically, biologically relevant studies using these methods have been conducted on scales much larger than those of early pediatric cardiovascular structures (milli-scale). Consequently, no established guidelines exist for in vitro flow quantification in GAP-HVs. Recent advancements have enhanced milli-PIV’s capability to resolve complex flows. However, this technique has not yet been applied to a physiologically relevant, milli-scale scenario. Therefore, this project aims to develop milli-PIV to create an original, first-of-its-kind in vitro workflow for pediatric heart valve evaluation.

Poster Y13: Evaluating Effects of Macromolecular Crowders on the Structure and Mechanical Integrity of In-Vitro Tissue Ring Models of Uterine Myometrium

  • Presenting Author: Kiran Tremblay, PhD Student
  • Primary Investigator: Catherine Whittington, PhD
  • Co-Author: Arthur Clark ‘25

Introduction:

Uterine fibroids, which are benign tumors within the uterine tissue layers, are one of the most common diseases that affect people with uteruses. Most fibroid research utilizes animal models, which are expensive and often do not accurately model human fibroid pathophysiology. In-vitro modeling is emerging, but there is a significant unmet need for robust, accurate in-vitro models of uterine fibroids. Our long-term goal is to develop an in-vitro intramural fibroid model to replicate fibroids that embed in myometrial tissue. In support of this model development, the current study uses self-assembled human uterine smooth muscle cell (HUtSMC) tissue rings to model myometrial tissue using a tissue fabrication method leveraged by other researchers for vascular applications. Here, we build upon previous work from our lab that showed macromolecular crowding with Ficoll 70, Ficoll 400, and ascorbic acid significantly increase collagen production in 2D HUtSMC. After confirming that HUtSMCs can form tissue rings, we extend the model development to identify growth conditions that balance self-assembly with collagen production to support ring integrity. We characterized the mechanical properties and cell morphology of HUtSMC rings grown with or without macromolecular crowders through uniaxial testing and histological staining. We hypothesized that rings incubated in media with macromolecular crowders would have a higher ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus while exhibiting more collagen deposition compared to regular growth media. Overall, this work advances research into fibroids by creating a myometrial tissue ring as the base tissue for a novel in-vitro model of intramural fibroids.

Poster Z19: Extrusion-Based Printing of Myoblast-Loaded Fibrin Microthreads to Induce Myogenesis

  • Presenting Author: Hanson Lee, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: George Pins, PhD
  • Co-Author: Bryanna Samolyk, PhD Candidate

Introduction:

Approximately 65.8 million Americans suffer from musculoskeletal injuries every year that can result in volumetric muscle loss (VML) and functional muscle deficits [1]. The current standard of care for VML injuries consists of free muscle flap transfers (FFTs), which transfer an innervated vascularized donor muscle to the wound site, to facilitate tissue regeneration [2]. This procedure is limited by tissue supply, donor site morbidity and scar tissue formation [3]. Further, this treatment exhibits limited tissue innervation and poor functional muscle regeneration. Thus, there is an unmet need to produce an implantable skeletal muscle construct that recapitulates the native tissue niches [3],[4]. Our laboratory developed fibrin microthreads that confer native muscle architectural and regenerative cues that promote cell-mediated myogenesis [4]. Additionally, cells such as myoblasts are required to replenish the necessary cell population for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration [5],[6]. As such, we hypothesize that increasing the myoblast densities in extruded fibrin microthreads (myothreads) will enhance myogenic properties including increased cell alignment, myotube formation, and reproducible mechanical properties of the skeletal muscle constructs.

3:45-4:00 PM Platform Session: Room 30A

Shear Stress and Vascular Heparan Sulfate-Dependent Expression of Endothelin B Receptor

  • Presenting Author: Camden Holm, PhD Student
  • Primary Investigator: Solomon Mensah, PhD
  • Co-Author: Son Nam Nguyen, BME Student

Introduction:

The vascular endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) consists of a carbohydrate-rich layer and a transmembrane backbone coating the entire surface of endothelial cells. It is connected to the cytoskeleton and plays a crucial role in vascular health and integrity by influencing many biochemical activities through mechanotransduction of hemodynamic forces. Diseases like atherosclerosis or hypertension are known to damage the GCX, adversely affecting vascular health. Heparan sulfate (HS) and its backbone proteoglycans (HSPG2 and SDC1) are one of the most common molecules in the GCX and are mainly responsible for mechanotransduction. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasodilator produced by endothelial cells (EC) and plays a significant role in many cardiovascular-related conditions, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. ET-1 binds to the endothelin B receptor (ETB) on ECs, stimulating vasodilation through a complex cellular response including nitric oxide (NO) release. Shear stress (SS) dependence of ET-1 and HS has been shown, and reports suggest that ETB may also be SS dependent. ETB may interact with other EC surface proteins, which include some components of the GCX. Endothelial GCX is known to mediate NO production and could play a role in ETB regulation. Given the mechanosensing properties and spatial proximity of HS, its core proteins, and ETB, it is hypothesized that GCX heparan sulfate is involved in regulating the expression of ETB on the EC surface. A deeper understanding of the role GCX plays in modulating ET-1 and ETB expression may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for vascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.

3:45-5:15 PM: Social Event: Room 28D

Empower and Connect: Speed Networking Event by BlackinBME

  • Speaker: Catherine Whittington, PhD

Introduction:

This BlackinBME-hosted event is designed to forge connections between industry, academia, and peers within the biomedical engineering community. By addressing challenges such as underrepresentation and limited access to mentorship, the event aims to significantly enhance career progression opportunities for Black and minority students. It seeks to create a sense of community and empower participants by expanding their professional networks.

This event features a series of short, structured conversations, enabling each participant to interact with multiple professionals and scholars. Organizers will provide prompt questions to guide discussions on potential career paths, innovative research insights, and strategies for academic and professional development.

Anticipated outcomes include stronger community ties among Black and minority engineers, improved access to career opportunities, and increased visibility for minority talents within the biomedical engineering community. Additionally, this event will jumpstart mentoring relationships and connecting scientific expertise. Ultimately, this networking event strives to create a nurturing environment encouraging inclusivity, collaboration, and professional growth.

Friday, October 10, 2025

10:00-11:00 AM: Poster Presentations: Exhibit Hall F, G, & H

Poster D11: Functionalized Leaf-derived Vascular Structures (LeaVS) Enhance Keratinocyte Culture

  • Presenting Author: Bryanna Samolyk, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: George Pins, PhD

Introduction: 

It is estimated that 160,000 Americans are treated for full-thickness skin wounds annually [1]. These injuries often lead to extensive scarring and permanent loss of function. The current standard of care is a split-thickness skin autograft; however, more extensive burns may have insufficient donor sites, requiring an alternative treatment. Dermal analogs have demonstrated some success but require 2-3 weeks for vascular integration. The absence of robust internal vascular networks is typically the cause of graft failure. So, we need to develop implantable skin scaffolds that already contain vascular network structures. The long-term goal of this project aims to develop Leaf-derived Vascular Structures (LeaVS) that support skin regeneration and provide provisional vascular support. Previous data showed that decellularized leaf scaffolds retain their vascular networks while maintaining structural integrity [2]. Towards this, we hypothesize that the surfaces of these LeaVS functionalized with fibronectin (FN) and/or poly-L-lysine (PLL) will promote keratinocyte attachment and spreading.

Poster U28: VibraVoice: A Vocal Fold Microphysiological System

  • Presenting Author: Ian Anderson, PhD Student
  • Primary Investigator: Solaleh Miar, PhD University of Hartford

Introduction: 

Disorders affecting upper airway tissue, particularly the vocal folds, often lack physiologically relevant in vitro models for assessing the effects of mechanical stress from vibrational phonation. Current clinical approaches, such as laryngoscopy, are invasive and inadequate for evaluating the long-term cellular impact of vibrations (1). This project involved the design, construction, and validation of VibraVoice, a 3D-printed, vocal fold microphysiological system designed to simulate the environment of the upper airway via speaker-driven stimulation applied to cell culture plates.

Poster V42: Design and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Arteriovenous Grafts to Enhance Tissue-Graft Integration

  • Presenting Author: Eve Dougan, University of Massachusetts: Amherst (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Yonghui Ding, PhD
  • Co-Author: Reyla Williams, PhD Student

Introduction:

Chronic Kidney Disease affects roughly 1 in 7 adults, with approximately 35.5 million in the US. Among these, nearly 808,000 people have end-stage kidney disease, and approximately 557,500 rely on hemodialysis for treatment.

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and the arteriovenous graft (AVG) are two common methods to create vascular access necessary during hemodialysis. While AVFs, which surgically connect an artery to a vein, are preferred due to lower infection and thrombosis rates, they often fail to mature, particularly in patients with diabetes, older age, or small vessels. Synthetic AVGs, which use a synthetic conduit, made from expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to connect arteries and veins, offer an alternative to AVFs (Figure 1A). Unfortunately, current AVGs have low long-term primary patency, with roughly 50% failing within one year, primarily due to the lack of tissue-graft integration and intimal hyperplasia.

The goal of this research is to fabricate a 3D-printed, biodegradable AVG with engineered luminal topography designed to promote endothelial cell (EC) regeneration and tissue-graft integration for use in vascular access during dialysis. We hypothesize that the addition of grooved microtopography on the graft’s luminal surface will enhance EC migration and proliferation, thereby accelerating EC integration. To test this hypothesis, we fabricated an in vitro AVG-vein junction model to evaluate how surface topography influences EC migration from the graft-vein anastomosis into the graft and its subsequent endothelialization.

Poster W40: Bench Testing of Luminescent Films for Calibration of Wearable Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitor

  • Presenting Author: Gwyneth Rose-Smith, Massachusetts Bay Community College (REU Partiipant)
  • Advisor: Ulkuhan Guler, PhD (ECE)
  • Co-Author: Gokalp Cevik, PhD Student (ECE)

Introduction:

Within neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), the common factor amongst most premature infants is an underdevelopment of the lungs, typically requiring supportive technology such as CPAP and BiPAP. These air-pressure-based breathing aids are widespread and used in adults for conditions such as apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Monitoring the actual oxygenation achieved through the use of these supportive measures can be difficult, as current technologies face a conflict between accuracy and invasiveness. Less invasive methods such as end-tidal monitoring and pulse oximetry suffer from inaccuracies due to skin pigmentation and other factors, while arterial blood sampling, the most accurate option, carries the risk of complications inherent to its invasiveness. This latter method is also contraindicated in small infants and trauma patients due to low blood volume. Both age populations would see improved care and outcomes with continuous oxygen monitoring.

The creation of a miniaturized, painless, wearable device capable of monitoring respiratory functionality through blood O2 levels is vital to the advancement of critical care, especially in NICUs and ambulatory settings. The use of photophysical sensors to monitor diffused gases in the skin eliminates the issues of invasiveness and incompatibility, while relating mathematically to blood O2 levels. However, environmental variables can affect the photoluminescence of the dyes used in the film placed on the skin for measurement. Through the collection of extensive readings at various O2 pressures and running these through machine-learning algorithms developed to adjust for environmental variables, such variances can be accounted for in a revised equation.

Poster X35: Assessing Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Device Performance Across Environmental Factors

  • Presenting Author: Fiona Gillis, Undergraduate Student
  • Primary Investigator: Solomon Mensah, PhD
  • Co-Author: Dirk Albrecht, PhD, Elizabeth Fio, MS ’25 (Science and Technology for Innovation in Global Development)

Introduction:

Ensuring the safety and reliability of medical devices in a wide range of environmental conditions is essential for technologies intended for use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Birth complications in preterm babies are the leading cause of fatality in children under the age of 5, with approximately 900,000 deaths reported in 2019 [1]. Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) devices, widely used for neonatal respiratory support, can help to reduce this issue. In a study of 824 babies, a 77% survival rate of preterm babies was reported with the use of bCPAP, compared to a 48% survival rate without it [2].

To prepare the device for use in these areas, it is important that it can function properly in a range of environmental conditions outside of normal CPAP devices, including fluctuating temperatures, high and low humidity, variable altitudes, and challenging transportation conditions, all of which can impact device performance and durability. However, there is a lack of accessible research on environmental testing for medical devices outside conventional hospital conditions.

Therapeutic Innovations, a low-cost medical device start-up, is developing a bCPAP device for use in LMICs. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the device under environmental conditions representative of those found in these regions

Poster X38: Modulating Pressure Fluctuations in a Low-Cost Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Device

  • Presenting Author: Jailyn M. Rivera Rodriguez, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Dirk Albrecht, PhD
  • Co-Author: Solomon Mensah, PhD, Elizabeth Fio, MS ’25 (Science and Technology for Innovation in Global Development)

Introduction:

Of the 15 million preterm neonates born annually, less than 10% survive in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) compared to a 90% survival rate reported for high income countries [1]. A leading cause of mortality and morbidity of premature infants ( < 37 weeks gestation) is the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is characterized by insufficient surfactant production in the premature lungs and concurrent alveolar collapse [2]. Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (bCPAP) therapies are one of the most prominent treatments to counteract lung collapse and improve gas exchange in preterm neonates suffering from RDS. bCPAP devices produce rapid pressure fluctuations which have been shown to improve gas exchange and promote alveolar recruitment in the RDS neonate lungs [3]. Commercial bCPAP devices are often inaccessible to LMICs due to high manufacturing and maintenance costs, and expensive single-use consumables. The AirBaby is a low-cost, energy-efficient bCPAP device, developed to improve the treatment and care of preterm neonates suffering from RDS in LMICs. Its design intends to reduce the economic burden on LMICs healthcare facilities by limiting the number of consumables required to treat multiple patients. Moreover, its reusable and sterilizable airway tubes feature thicker, more durable walls, resulting in lower internal compliance and the potential for greater amplitude of pressure fluctuations. This project aimed to evaluate the contributions of airway circuit elements on the mean pressure, amplitude, and frequency of pressure fluctuations at the nasal interface.

2:15-2:30 PM: Platform Session: Room 31A

Accumulation of Axonal Damages from Repeated Stretches

  • Presenting Author: Chaokai Zhang, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Songbai Ji, PhD

Introduction:

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is the hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI (mTBI). There is evidence that repeated head impacts, even at relatively low magnitudes, could accumulate to lead to injury. However, the biomechanical mechanism behind such accumulated injury remains elusive, as most studies are empirical without any mechanistic insight. At the microscale, studies on axonal injury have focused on the initial injury triggering mechanisms from a single insult, such as microtubule (MT) rupture, localized strain concentration around the node of Ranvier, and failure of tau proteins and neurofilaments (NFs). However, no study exists that investigates how repetitive strains accumulate to produce axonal cytoskeletal damage across multiple insults. In this study, we investigate the biomechanical effect on cytoskeletal damage resulting from a sequence of multiple rapid stretches. A validated male axonal injury model is used for this task, by subjecting it to repetitive stretches with peak strain magnitudes following a combination of different values to emulate real-world repetitive impacts in representative scenarios. We report the accumulation of failure of tau proteins and NFs as well as peak strains in MTs. This study offers valuable insight into the accumulation of TAI from repeated axonal stretches at the microscale, which has important implications to the mechanisms behind accumulated TBI at the macroscale.

5:00-5:15 PM: Platform Session: Room 24C

Modulation of LEC-Directed Immune and Tumor Cell Migration within the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment

  • Presenting Author: Stephen Larson, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Catherine Whittington, PhD

Introduction:

Lymphatic capillary function is characterized by loose cell-cell junctions that enable tissue drainage and facilitate immune cell travel to lymph nodes. When tissue stiffness increases due to fibrosis, lymphatic capillary sprouting (i.e., growth) decreases and cell-cell junctions tighten to form zipper-like junctions that inhibit normal entry of immune cells into the vasculature. Soluble factors like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been shown to disrupt tight junctions in lymphatics in edema, restoring function to lymphatic vessels in stiff tissue. Pancreatic ductile adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a stiff, cytokine-rich stroma that produces an avascular tumor with a dense network of peritumoral lymphatics through which cancer cells metastasize. Current PDAC metastasis research focuses on the effects of stiffness and cytokines on the movement of immune and PDAC cells out of the tumor. Meanwhile, mechanisms behind the entry of immune and PDAC cells into lymphatic vessels are understudied. To address this gap, we performed experiments to investigate individual components of immune and PDAC entry into lymphatic vessels, including migration towards lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in co-culture and LEC response to stiffness and inflammatory signals. These study results provide a foundation for future development of a 3D microfluidic model to study mechanisms of entry for lymphatic function during PDAC metastasis and immune cell clearance under fibrotic conditions. Future work using this model will test therapeutic approaches to reduce metastasis and encourage immune response through increased vascular entry.

Saturday, October 11, 2025

9:00-9:05 AM: CMBE Undergraduate Fire Talks: Room 33B

Evaluating the Impact of Collagen Stiffness and Inflammatory Cytokine Exposure on VE-Cadherin And ZO-1 Expression in Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

  • Presenting Author: Annabelle Feller, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt (REU Participant)
  • Co-Author: Stephen Larson, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Catherine Whittington, PhD

Introduction:

In lymphedema, a chronic condition characterized by disrupted lymphatic drainage and fluid retention, microenvironmental changes around lymphatic capillaries perpetuate lymphatic dysfunction (e.g., altered cell junctions) and chronic inflammation with subsequent fibrotic tissue deposition and tissue stiffening. Three-dimensional in vitro modeling enables researchers to systematically introduce biophysical and biochemical factors to replicate these phenomena [1], and our previous work used PhotoCol methacrylated type I collagen with Ruthenium (Ru)/Sodium Persulfate (SPS) and photo-crosslinking to reach tissue stiffness values comparable to chronic fibrotic conditions (~6 kPa) [2]. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) cultured on soft (~1 kPa) and stiff (~6 kPa) PhotoCol® matrices showed significant differences in cell shape and transitions from ‘oak leaf’-shaped cells with discontinuous button-like cell junctions (VE-Cadherin) on soft PhotoCol® to thicker, continuous zipper-like cell junctions on stiff PhotoCol®. These studies were performed without pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) that occurs in chronic lymphedema and promotes junction discontinuity [3]. Thus, the current study exposes human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) grown on 3D soft and stiff PhotoCol® matrices to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory cytokine. Our primary objective was to determine whether expression and localization of adherens (VE-Cadherin) and tight junction proteins (ZO-1) were affected by stiffness and TNF-α exposure. We hypothesized that TNF-α exposure would promote junction discontinuity in HDLEC on soft and stiff PhotoCol® matrices despite stiffness-induced junction zippering. We also addressed an additional research gap by expanding LEC junction analyses for more comprehensive quantification of changes in junction expression and LEC interconnectivity.

10:00–11:00 AM: Poster Presentations Exhibit Hall F, G, & H

Poster O13: Effect of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Growth on the Mechanical Properties of the Growth Environment

  • Presenting Author: Cassidy Griffith, University of Alabama: Tuscaloosa (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Elizabeth Stewart, PhD (Chem Eng)
  • Co-Author: Sydney Packard, PhD Student (Chem Eng)

Introduction:

Bacterial biofilms are structured communities of cells embedded in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Bacterial biofilm infections can occur in various sites within the body, and infection locations have differing mechanical properties ranging from a storage modulus of 10 Pa for mucus to 100 GPa for bone. To mimic the variable mechanical environment of tissues, hydrogels are frequently used as experimental models. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of biofilm and bloodstream infections. The goal for this project is to understand how S. epidermidis biofilm development influences the mechanics of the surrounding environment. This work advances the understanding of biofilm infection progression within physiologically relevant mechanical environments representative of various host tissues.

Poster O32: Leaf-Derived Vascular Scaffolds (LeaVS) Functionalized with Pro-Angiogenic Factors Support Endothelial Recruitment

  • Presenting Author: Leah Braun, George Mason University (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Solomon Mensah
  • Co-Author(s): Jeannine Coburn, PhD, Bryanna Samolyk, PhD Candidate, Catherine Whittington, PhD

Introduction:

More than 6.5 million Americans suffer from chronic wounds annually, a number that is on the rise due to an aging population and an increasing rate of diabetes [1]. To restore quality of life and reduce mortality, engineered skin substitutes are often necessary. However, currently available options have insufficient vascular networks, which can lead to graft failure [2]. Previous work has shown that decellularized spinach leaves (leaf-derived vascular scaffolds, LeaVS) are a promising alternative, as their vascular structures are retained and similar to that of human skin [3]. With the novel contribution of functionalization with pro-angiogenic factors, we hypothesize that neovascular network formation in LeaVS can be enhanced. The aim of this work is to evaluate the adsorption rate, release kinetics, and endothelial cell recruitment of functionalized LeaVS.

Poster R7: Tracking and Visualizing Foot Center of Pressure During Loading in a Cadaveric Model

  • Presenting Author: Reynaldo Rodriguez, University of Texas: San Antonio (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Karen Troy, PhD
  • Co-Author: Julia Nicolescu

Introduction:

Bone Stress Injuries (BSIs) occur due to an accumulation of microdamage within the bone. The metatarsals represent 38% of BSIs in college athletes [1], and 58% in military recruits [2]. Typically, bone remodeling repairs microdamage, however in the case of a BSI, the rate of damage exceeds that of repair [3]. Currently, it is not understood why some runners get BSIs and some don’t. Center of pressure (COP) progression is useful to understand how loads are transmitted within the foot, and its clinical use is well recorded. For example, lateral deviation of COP in people with cavus foot posture has been suggested as a risk factor for BSIs [4]. Such differences in COP between individuals have been shown to reflect distinct force-generating mechanics. Here, we used a robotic actuator to move cadaveric foot/ankle specimens through their passive range of motion while applying 25% bodyweight. 6-degree-of-freedom load cells were placed beneath the calcaneus, metatarsals (MTs) 1-2, and MTs 3-5, respectively. Load cell data were processed to track the COP of each load cell and their weighted average COP. The windlass mechanism is described as a triangular truss formed by the calcaneus, midtarsal joint, and metatarsals. The plantar fascia acts as a cable to connect the calcaneus to the phalanges [5]. We hypothesized that engaging the windlass mechanism would shift the average COP progression anteriorly. We expected this based on tightening of the plantar fascia and increased arch height during windlass that add shear and axial forces at the metatarsal heads.

Poster S20: Analysis of Post-Processing Methods for Transparent 3D Printed Anatomical Phantoms for Use in Mock Flow Loops

  • Presenting Author: Vijay Kesavan, WPI (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Zhenglun Alan Wei, PhD
  • Co-Author: Pritom Saha, PhD Student

Introduction:

The mock circulatory loop (MCL) is an experimental tool that models the flow of blood through a portion of the cardiovascular system. MCLs are an important tool for the study of cardiovascular physiology, allowing for targeted in vitro study of specific portions of the cardiovascular system or of cardiovascular pathologies. MCLs are especially useful in cases where in vivo study is impractical, as is often the case for the study of many rare pathologies or novel treatments that require more characterization before in vivo testing.

While MCLs have traditionally been “idealized”, or made out of commercially available tubing, recent advances have been made in the construction of patient-specific MCLs, which are able to more closely represent their subject anatomy by using anatomical phantoms modeled on patient data. Patient-specific MCLs are most commonly made with stereolithography 3-D printing (SLA printing), which is able to rapidly fabricate accurate models. However, SLA printed models have low clarity, which makes optical analysis challenging. As optical methods are used extensively to study flow hemodynamics, this is a major impediment to in vitro study of cardiovascular disease.

This study aims to compare the efficacy of various methods of post-processing used to prepare 3-D-printed MCL components for optical analysis. Simplified SLA printed models were post-processed with a number of methods and their optical properties compared.

Poster S27: Development & Evaluation of Stretchable PDMS Culture Wells for 3D Fibrin Hydrogels

  • Presenting Author: Temya Jackson Long, Gateway Community College (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Kristen Billiar, PhD
  • Co-Author(s): Juanyong Li, PhD Candidate, Delaney Mohl, Undergraduate Student, Rozanne Mungai, PhD Candidate

Introduction:

Aortic valve disease is increasing with an aging population, but current valve replacements are unsuitable for all, especially children. Tissue-engineered heart valves offer a promising alternative, relying on scaffolds repopulated by patient cells. However, repopulation of these acellular valves in pre-clinical studies is variable. Studying cellular invasion in 3D biopolymer gels allows more control of the mechanical and chemical cues than possible in vivo and facilitates study of the mechanics of cell repopulation of these extracellular matrices. Despite the dynamic nature of heart valves, the effects of cell invasion have not been studied in vitro in biopolymer gels under cyclic stretch. To do so, stretchable silicone well plates are needed; however, due to the nature of this silicone, bubbles can easily form, compromising the durability of the material. Our goal is to evaluate and improve the custom PDMS wells fabrication process for cyclic stretch testing and to validate with a 3D spheroid invasion assay.

Poster U29: TNF-α Disrupts Cooperative vWF Anchoring by P-selectin and Endothelial Glycocalyx Heparan Sulfate

  • Presenting Author: Zakary Raymond, University of the Pacific (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Solomon Mensah, PhD
  • Co-Author(s): Camden Holm, PhD Student, Pranav Ramaswamy, Undergraduate Student

Introduction:

Sepsis is a life-threatening infectious disease shown to acutely trigger coagulopathy and increase stroke risk. In a recent study, sepsis-associated coagulopathy scored 3 risk points with a 43% increase in stroke hazard with each point. With stroke persisting as the second leading cause of death globally, understanding how inflammation damages blood vessels and impacts coagulation is critical for developing stroke prevention strategies in septic patients.

The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX), lines the luminal surface of endothelial cells in blood vessels, regulates vascular permeability, interacts with signaling molecules, and transduces mechanical forces into biochemical signals to regulate hemostatic conditions. Heparan sulfate (HS), a major mechanotransducer on the GCX, and P-selectin (PS) are involved in coagulation by regulating the release of the clotting protein von Willebrand Factor (vWF) into the bloodstream. Under homeostatic conditions, vWF is compactly bound to the GCX, primarily by PS and partially by HS. Upon injury, ultra-long (UL) vWF is prematurely, exposing binding domains for platelet aggregation and clot formation. We hypothesize that there is cooperative relationship between HS and PS binding vWF, and pro-inflammatory cytokines released during sepsis damage HS, attenuating its binding to vWF and leading to increased UL-vWF in the bloodstream, causing coagulopathy. Incidentally, the GCX shedding over releases vWF, causing coagulopathy and an increase in thrombotic risk.

Leveraging field knowledge of the GCX role in preventing coagulopathy, by reproducing septic conditions using the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), it is expected that all three biomarkers will attenuate on the surface of the endothelial GCX.

Poster U32: Transforming Yeast Cells with Lipid Nanoparticles​

  • Presenting Author: Paris Bazemore, University of Connecticut (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Eric Young, PhD (Chem Eng)
  • Co-Author(s): Christina M. Bailey-Hytholt, PhD (Chem Eng), Adelyn Fisher, MS Student (Chem Eng), Zekun Li, PhD Candidate (Chem Eng), Scarlett Xu, PhD Student (Chem Eng)

Introduction:

Yeast is essential for fermented products industry. However, the most common methods used to transform yeast, electroporation and heat shock require trial and error and often take weeks to troubleshoot. A failed transformation is unclear if DNA did not enter the cell or if DNA entered the cell and did not express, which makes achieving a successful transformation challenging. Recently, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown clinical success as a delivery method for nucleic acids, with therapeutics including OnPattro, an LNP loaded with short interfering RNA (siRNA) for nerve damage treatment. LNPs have successfully delivered nucleic acids to mammalian cells, but few studies have been performed in other organisms, such as yeast. In mammalian cells, LNPs enter cells through the formation of vesicles during endocytosis and enter the cell cytoplasm through a process known as endosomal escape. Yeast has been observed to complete endocytosis and endosomal escape, leading to the potential application of LNPs for yeast transformations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine if LNPs can be used to complete yeast transformations.

Poster V5: Design of an MRI-Compatible Injector for Targeted Intracerebral Drug Delivery

  • Presenting Author: Maya Adelman, Olin College of Engineering (REU Participant)
  • Primary Investigator: Gregory Fischer, PhD (RBE)
  • Co-Author: Eric Wang, PhD Student (RBE)

Introduction:

Modern-day neurosurgical procedures such as deep brain stimulation electrode placement, intracranial drug delivery, or tumor ablation typically use preoperative imaging to predict the position of target areas within the brain [1]. Sensitive structures such as blood vessels can exist within millimeters of target areas, which, when considering the brain’s adaptable nature [2], can pose a significant risk to patients [3]. Drug delivery, in particular, requires precision due to dangerous neurological side effects that can occur if target areas are falsely identified [4]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the ability to monitor the soft tissue changes of the brain in real time. Consequently, MRI-compatible surgical robots enable a stereotactic method to identify target locations in the brain during procedures, significantly reducing uncertainties [5] [6], and are additionally capable of synchronizing drug injection with needle retraction to deliver drugs along target tracts. Drug delivery in the brain requires precise flow rates–the pressure of flow can easily overshoot the narrow range of what the brain can withstand and lead to backflow [7] or local tissue damage. Existing syringe pumps alleviate this concern by injecting in a slow and controlled manner, yet contain high amounts of materials that either pose a major safety risk or interfere with the imaging process [8] within the magnetic field of MRI-environments. This ongoing work proposes the design of a non-ferrous, low metal injection device aimed at delivering drug agents within the AiM Medical Robotics neurosurgical robot to achieve precise flow rates without compromising real-time brain navigation.

Poster X9: Gastrointestinal Hydrodynamics Microfluidic Chip to Identify and Validate Potential Biomarkers

  • Presenting Author: Sarah Chon, MS Student
  • Primary Investigator: Walfre Franco, PhD University of Massachusetts: Lowell

Introduction:

Ovarian cancer often spreads through the abdominal cavity via intraperitoneal fluid flow, contributing to poor prognosis and limited treatment outcomes. To better model this environment, we developed a highly transparent, biocompatible microfluidic chip designed for 3D organoid growth under dynamic flow conditions. This system enables real-time imaging, supports Matrigel and cell attachment, and simulates physiological fluid dynamics to aid in biomarker validation and personalized cancer therapy research.

1:00-1:15 PM: Platform Session: Room 29C

Light-Responsive Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Controlled Delivery of Prodigiosin for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy

  • Presenting Author: Maria Chinyerm E. Onyekanne, PhD, Boston College
  • Co–Author: John Obayemi, PhD

Introduction:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10-15% of all breast cancers, affecting approximately 13 in every 100,000 American females. It is challenging to treat due to the lack of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, which are typically targeted for breast cancer treatment. Systemic chemotherapy methods lack specificity and are associated with toxic side effects. Natural bacterial compounds, such as prodigiosin, which kill cancer cells through oxidative stress, provide a sustainable way of developing anticancer drugs. Recent efforts focus on developing controlled delivery approaches to effectively kill TNBC cells with minimal side effects. Prior work demonstrates the anticancer effects of prodigiosin towards triple-negative breast cancer. However, tuning drug release on demand is critical to accelerating TNBC tumor killing and suppressing tumor recurrence, but it remains a challenge. Magnetite (iron oxide) nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon resonance upon interacting with laser light, leading to heat generation, which can make surrounding polymers more porous. We hypothesize that incorporating magnetite nanoparticles into polymer scaffolds can lead to photothermal regulation of drug release. In this work, we present a chemo-photothermal approach for the controlled delivery of prodigiosin for TNBC treatment that utilizes a light-responsive nanocomposite scaffold made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and magnetite nanoparticles.

1:15-1:30 PM: Platform Session: Room 31A

Basal Cd44 and Hyaluronic Acid Shear Stress Dependent Endothelial Cell Remodeling

  • Presenting Author: Zoe Vittum, PhD Candidate
  • Primary Investigator: Solomon Mensah, PhD

Introduction:

The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) is a transmembrane grass-like structure that encompasses endothelial cells (ECs), serving to transduce extracellular signals and regulate vascular permeability. The GCX along the lumen of the vessel is referred to as the apical GCX, which is directly exposed to shear due to blood flow. The basal GCX is present at the smooth muscle cell interface. Historically, the apical and basal GCX have been independently investigated, while the apical GCX has been at the forefront of research efforts due to its direct role in mechanotransduction of shear forces due to flow. Shear forces are transmitted from the apical GCX through the cell cytoskeleton to basal GCX components, promoting alternate signaling pathways and influencing cell migration and morphology. Yet the basal GCX response to shear forces remains largely unexplored.

CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein serving as a surface receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA), a known fluid shear sensor in the apical GCX, shown to influence the development of cardiovascular disease. More specifically, HA is known to promote EC cytoskeletal arrangement and instigate crucial mechanotransduction pathways for the EC fluid shear stress (FSS) response. CD44’s cytoplasmic domain facilitates connection to the cytoskeleton, allowing for direct transduction of apical FSS to the EC cytoskeleton, instigating EC remodeling through mechano-signaling pathways. The role of basal CD44/HA in mechanotransduction and EC remodeling is unclear. Here, we aim to understand the role of basal HA in endothelial cell cytoskeletal remodeling partially through the CD44 axis.