- Act III Scene I: Adding Color (November 16, 2015)
- Slideshow Test
- “Bawawethu” (December 3, 2015)
- Social Enterprise
- Acronym Dictionary
- Background
- About CTPC
- Blog
- Resource Library
- Welcome!
- Projects
- Projects Overview
- 2015
- Expanding Early Childhood Development Opportunities in an Informal Settlement
- Exploring New Outreach Models for Early Childhood Development
- Fostering Community at the Canterbury Street Lot
- Background Research
- Philosophy Behind Helping the Homeless
- Belonging and its Psychological Impact on Street People
- Establishing Social Inclusion in the Street Community
- Understanding Homelessness’ Role in Urban Development
- Investigating the Effect of Public Spaces on Cities
- Creating a Sense of Community Through Green Areas
- Commemorating the Street Community’s Lives
- Partnerships
- Planning
- Outcomes
- Resources
- Background Research
- Providing More than a Meal at Service Dining Rooms
- Upgrading the K2 Informal Settlement through Community Collaboration
- Background Research
- Planning Pages
- The Partnership
- K2 Journey
- Act I Scene I: New Beginnings (October 22, 2015)
- Act I Scene II: Getting lost in the K2 Maze (October 23, 2015)
- Act I Scene III: The Outsiders (October 26, 2015)
- Act II Scene I: Touring Tuesday (November 10, 2015)
- Act II Scene II: Trouble in K2 (November 16, 2015)
- Act III Scene I: Luncheon: A Change of Scenery (November 17, 2015)
- Act III Scene II: Adding Colour (November 20, 2015)
- Act III Scene III: “Bawawethu” (December 3, 2015)
- Act III Scene IV: Financial Contribution: One Step at a Time (December 7, 2015)
- Project Outcomes
- Project Resources
- References
- Women’s Empowerment through Increased Access and Understanding of Technology
- Background Research
- Partnership
- Planning
- Process Narrative
- Outcomes
- Project Resources
- References
- 2014
- Empowerment through Improving Facilities at the Sizakuyenza Safe House
- The Big Issue Goes Online: Creating a Vendor-Run Profiling Program
- Early Childhood and Community Development in Flamingo Crescent
- Background Research
- Challenges of Early Childhood Development in South Africa
- Crèche Regulations and Finances
- Best Practices for Crèche Development
- Determinants of Crèche Quality
- The Effect of Playground Design on Child Development
- The Effect of Playground Design on Communities
- Developmental Benefits of Recreational Space
- Public Space Inequality in South Africa
- Recyclable Playgrounds
- Flamingo Crescent Informal Settlement
- Planning and Methods
- The Partnership
- The Play by Play
- Project Outcomes
- Resources
- Background Research
- An Entrepreneurial Initiative for Distributing Energy Efficient Products in Low Income Communities
- Background
- Planning
- Partnerships
- Project Narrative
- Act 1: Adapting our Project
- Act 2: Finding Distribution Centers
- Scene 1: Creating Interest in Wonderbags
- Scene 2: First Trip to an Informal Settlement
- Scene 3: Looking for New Products
- Scene 4: Gathering Community Energy and Crèche Information
- Scene 5: A Visit to Flamingo
- Scene 6: Just Do It: Three Crèche Visits
- Scene 7: The Reality of Low Income Areas
- Scene 8: A College for Kiddies
- Act 3: Establishing Pilot Programs
- Scene 1: Pilot Program
- Scene 2: A Second Pilot Program
- Scene 3: Sustainable Sales
- Scene 4: Low Income Energy Services Task Team Meeting
- Scene 5: Lunch at the Crèche
- Scene 6: Exploring Other Products
- Scene 7: Graduation
- Scene 8: Enjoying Electricity
- Scene 9: Collaboration for Future Implementation
- Scene 10: Keep Smiling
- Epilogue
- Outcomes
- References
- Expanding Health, Education, and Wellbeing Services and Analyzing the Effects of Underlying Social Complexities on WaSH-UP
- Background Research
- Mission & Objectives
- Cast of Characters
- Process Narrative: Our Journey
- Project Outcomes: Not Just Toilets Anymore!
- Epilogue
- WaSH-UP Sustainable Livelihoods and Business Operations
- Mission and Objectives Overview
- Background Research
- Informal Settlements in South Africa: Langrug Community
- Shared Action Learning (SAL)
- Community Assets
- What Business Institutions/Models Would Best Serve the Community?
- How to Start a Small Business in Informal Settlements
- Possible Models for Small Businesses and Savings Groups
- Ethical Considerations
- Research Questions
- Sources and References
- The Partnership
- Acts and Scenes
- Project Outcomes
- Reflection and Growth during the IQP Journey
- 2013
- Blue Sky Recycling Programme
- Community Mobilisation Through Reblocking in Flamingo Crescent
- The Partnership
- Welcome to Flamingo Crescent
- Background Research
- Methodology: Shared Action Learning
- Project Narrative
- Act 1: Trial and Error
- Scene 1: First Meeting with Levona
- Scene 2: An Introduction to 7de Laan
- Scene 3: Beginnings of Turmoil
- Scene 4: Finding Hope
- Scene 5: A Motivation for our Work
- Scene 6: Red Hill Settlement Tour Highlights Opportunities
- Scene 7: City Mission Visit Illuminates the Option of Reblocking
- Scene 8: Meeting the Key Planners
- Scene 9: First Weekly Meeting Causes Confusion
- Scene 10: Subcouncil Meeting Eases Worries
- Scene 11: A Raw and Unexpected Story
- Scene 12: Ethiopian Experience
- Scene 13: Shack Demolition
- Scene 14: Engineering the Future
- Scene 15: Public Meeting in 7de Laan
- Act 1 Reflection
- Act 2: Testing the Waters
- Scene 1: A Taste of Flamingo
- Scene 2: Getting to know the Community Leaders
- Scene 3: Cluster Meetings in Flamingo
- Scene 4: Introduction to Mtshini Wam
- Scene 5: Kuku Town Visit Provides Example
- Scene 6: All Parties Come Together
- Scene 7: Library Networking
- Scene 8: Communication and Enumeration
- Act 2 Reflection
- Act 3: Taking Care of Business
- Scene 1: Meeting the Contractors
- Scene 2: Breaking Ground
- Scene 3: If You Build It They Will Come
- Scene 4: Visiting ELRU Opens Doors for a Crèche in Flamingo
- Scene 5: A Living Virtue
- Scene 6: Meeting a New Potential Stakeholder
- Scene 7: Meeting with the CECD: “Let’s do it.”
- Scene 8: Bringing Green Innovation to the Crèche
- Scene 9: Final Stakeholder Meeting
- Scene 10: Saying Goodbye to Flamingo Crescent
- Act 3 Reflection
- Student Reflections
- Act 1: Trial and Error
- Resources and References
- Community Mobilisation Through Reblocking: An Interactive Upgrading Anthology
- Early Childhood Development Connection
- MGV Park Redevelopment
- Project Partners
- Project Outcomes
- Background Research
- Planning and Methods
- Process Narrative
- Act 1: The Beginning
- Scene 1: Arriving in Maitland Garden Village
- Scene 2: First Sight
- Scene 3: Meeting with the Project Members
- Scene 4: Community Survey
- Scene 5: Working with Co-Researchers
- Scene 6: Village Day
- Scene 7: Monday’s Meeting with Jude
- Scene 8: Monday’s Meeting with Co-Researchers
- Scene 9: Discouraging Moment
- Scene 10: Setting up the Fantasy Playscape Activity with the Crèche
- Act 2: A New Hope
- Act 3: Getting the Ball Rolling
- Personal Reflections
- Act 1: The Beginning
- Resources
- WaSH-UP
- 2012
- Capacity Building of a Community Based Organisation in Maitland Garden Village
- Meet the Team
- Background Research and Preparation
- Ethical Considerations
- Cape Town Project Centre Context
- Sponsors
- Project Work on Site
- Cast of Characters
- Meetings
- Organisational Profiles
- Act 1: Finding our Footing
- Scene 1: First Encounter with Maitland Garden Village (MGV)
- Scene 2: Tour of Maitland Garden Village
- Scene 3: Ronell’s Sight into the Help Centre
- Scene 4: First Look at the Potential Venue
- Scene 5: Getting to Know the People We are Working With
- Scene 6: Tour Of Oude Molen
- Scene 7: Village Day
- Scene 8: Monday Morning Meeting
- Scene 9: Meeting at MGV Community Centre
- Reflection and Moving Forward
- Act 2: Building Support
- Act 3: Strategy and Execution
- Envisioning a Black River Pathway: Creating a Heritage Destination through Social Development
- Research & Planning
- Cast of Characters
- Ethical Considerations
- Acts and Scenes
- Act One: Getting Started
- Scene Eight: Maitland Garden Village Day
- Scene Five: Faces of Oude Molen Eco Village
- Scene Four: First Meeting with our Sponsors
- Scene One: The First Pathway Experience
- Scene Seven: Visiting Company’s Garden
- Scene Six: A Presentation to our Sponsors
- Scene Three: Walking the Desire Lines
- Scene Two: Tour of Maitland Garden Village
- Act Two: Developing Relationships
- Act Three: Absorbing Information
- Act Four: Meeting with the City
- Act Five: Wrapping Up
- Act One: Getting Started
- Resources & References
- Laying the Foundation for a Resilient Partnership: Innovative Upgrading in the Informal Settlement of Langrug
- Welcome to Langrug
- Background Research
- Cast of Characters
- Primary Project Focuses
- Acts and Scenes: Our Observations and Reflections
- Act 1: Jumping Right In
- Act 2: Planning and Moving Forward
- Discussing the Needs of the Community and How the MPC Can Help
- Making the Decision to Move Forward with the Multi-Purpose Centre
- Reblocking Guidebook Discussion
- Re-Measuring for Reblocking
- Spacing Out ReBlocking
- Fire In Zwelitsha
- Lunch Scene
- Working Team Arguments
- Playing Games
- Introductions at the Municipality: A Revelation
- Amanda Realises the Importance of Documentation
- The Working Team Presents to the Municipality
- How Simple Office Supplies Can Spark Progress
- Further Difficulty with Planning
- Learning How to Do (and Teach) a Cost Analysis
- Act 3: Making Decisions
- Working Group Expresses Community Urgency
- Impromptu Meeting with Dawie
- Meeting with Scott: Ending a Day of Confusion
- Partnership Meeting 13 November
- Alfred’s Presence in Langrug
- Realising the Greywater Cleaning Problems
- Working Group’s Apparent Lack of Trust in the Municipality: Putting Together a Report
- Tensions Regarding Community Contributions and the MPC
- Act 4: WaSH Construction
- Act 5: Our Reflections
- Rooftop Gardens for Sustainable Livelihoods in Cape Town
- Supporting Reblocking and Community Development in Mtshini Wam
- Capacity Building of a Community Based Organisation in Maitland Garden Village
- 2011
- Addressing Greywater Management Issues in Langrug Using a Sustainable Reiterative Process
- Black River Corridor: Visions for Restoration and Recreational Use
- Envisioning the Future Development of Oude Molen Eco Village
- Supporting Asset Based Community Development in Maitland Garden Village
- Chapter 1: What is the best way to aid a community in a sustainable and positive way?
- Chapter 2: How does one lay the foundation for a mutually beneficial relationship?
- Chapter 3: What communication tools can be utilised to gauge a community’s aspirations?
- Chapter 4: What is the best way to show gratitude and initiate community driven action?
- Chapter 5: What is the best approach to gain governmental participation in preparation for a community programme?
- Chapter 6: How do you structure a meeting so the attendees become participants and truly invested?
- Chapter 7: How can MGV continue to develop through mutually beneficial relationships with neighbouring communities?
- Epilogue: What does the future hold?
- Acknowledgements
- Team Interviews
- Photo Gallery
- Downloads and References
- Sustainable Livelihoods Through Beekeeping
- WaSHUp: Innovating Water Sanitation and Hygiene Upgrading in Langrug
- Langrug
- Meet the Team
- Water and Sanitation in Langrug
- Mapped Facility 1
- Mapped Facility 10
- Mapped Facility 2
- Mapped Facility 3
- Mapped Facility 4
- Mapped Facility 5
- Mapped Facility 6
- Mapped Facility 7
- Mapped Facility 8
- Mapped Facility 9
- Mapped Facility 11
- Mapped Facility 12
- Mapped Facility 13
- Mapped Facility 14
- Mapped Facility 15
- Mapped Facility 16
- Mapped Facility 17
- Mapped Facility 18
- Mapped Facility 19
- Mapped Facility 20
- Mapped Facility 21
- Partnerships in Langrug: A Model for the Future
- Community-Driven Development
- Community WaSHUp Spaces
- Multi-Purpose WaSHUp Facility
- Future
- Supplemental Material
- 2010
- Profiling Community Assets
- Collaborative Construction
- Stormwater Management
- Strengthening Spaza Shops
- Supporting Early Childhood Development
- Initiation Site Development
- Meet the Team
- Project
- Good Hope Initiation Site Proposal
- Objectives
- Background
- A Historic Perspective of the Initiation Ritual
- Challenges of Initiation
- Limited Physical Space and Lack of Seclusion
- Building and Burning of Initiation Huts
- Challenges of Initiation in an Urban Environment
- Economic Challenges for Initiates
- Health Concerns during the Initiation Process
- Malnutrition during the Seclusion Period
- Psychological Challenges Faced by Initiates
- Conflicts Between Traditional Leaders and Authorities
- Government Actions in the Initiation Community
- Methodology
- Project Resources
- Acknowledgements
- Co-Researchers
- 2009
- Buildings
- Communications
- Economy
- Energy
- Gardens
- Mapping and Planning
- Water & Sanitation
- Accomplishments
- Background
- Current Conditions and Common Practices within Monwabisi Park
- Establishing Collaborations
- Future Testing
- History of Water and Sanitation in South Africa
- Learning by Example: Case Studies
- Meet the Team
- Methodology
- Monwabisi Park as a Model for Redevelopment
- Our Partners
- Project Resources
- The Sanitation Centre
- 2008
- 2007
- Contact Us
- Communications
- WaSH
- First Week Plans
- Pre-Travel Planning
- Interactions
- Meeting Strategies
- Shared Action Learning
- Mission Statement and Objectives
- Methodology
- Ethics
- Interview Planning
- Week One Plan
- Beyond Week One
- Cast of Characters
- Welcome to Langrug
- Key Areas of Focus
- References
- CTPC Context
- Setting the Stage
- Sponsor: Community Organisation Resource Centre
- Sponsor: Department of Integrated Human Settlements
- Cast of Characters
- Project Planning
- References
Historical Context
Historical Background
Starting in 1949, the apartheid era intensified a long period of discrimination against blacks, Indians and coloured people. In 1994, with the election of the African National Congress (ANC) apartheid was finally lifted. This change drastically reformed South African government, as well as the varying demographics of South African settlements. New economic opportunities prompted a large migration of people from rural to urban informal settlements (Kenney 2011). This new democratic government was often unable to meet the demands of the thousands of people living in informal settlements, leaving many without basic water and sanitation services which led to higher incidences of illnesses such as diarrhoea and E. coli within settlements (Kenney 2011). Apart from the physical distress, such conditions can hinder the ability of residents to find jobs and advance their education. Since 1994 the national and local governments have struggled to achieve a viable solution to address these issues, especially in informal settlements which are prevalent within the Western Cape of South Africa (Muller 2008). In 1996, however, “a right to sufficient water” was introduced and added to the country’s new constitution, stating that all South African citizens would receive basic water free of charge (Muller 2008). Still, the process of upgrading informal settlements is a daunting and complicated task to handle. The nature of settlements is one of constant change, population densities are high, and settlements are constantly growing as people and squatters migrate from the Eastern Cape (Mels 2009).
Historical Background of Informal Settlements (xMB, .pdf)
Langrug in Perspective
Creating an innovative, sustainable solution to address water and sanitation needs is yet to be successful in many informal settlements, including Langrug. Located on the Western Cape, Langrug is one of South Africa’s many informal settlements formed as a result of the country’s rapid urbanization in recent years (Winter 2008). Langrug is home to approximately 1800 families squatting on government land in Franschhoek on the slope of a mountain. In the 1990’s this settlement was a haven for migrants from the Eastern Cape looking for job opportunities in wine factories in nearby Stellenbosch (Kenney 2011). Though residents of Langrug were squatting illegally, the Municipality of Stellenbosch provided basic sanitation needs including toilets and water taps. Due to vandalism, improper use and other factors, not all of these water and sanitation provisions are functioning properly. There is approximately 1 toilet for every 50 people in Langrug (Community Organisation Resource Centre 2012) and as of May 2011, approximately 10% of the 91 toilets were out of order (Informal Settlement Network 2011). In many cases, local governments will adopt a strategy of relocating informal settlement residents to combat these issues they face. In Stellenbosch 300 formal homes are created each year by the Municipality (Community Organisation Resource Centre 2012), but unfortunately this cannot meet the “the demands of the ever increasing urban poor” (Community Organisation Resource Centre 2012). Thus, the community has adopted a plan of upgrading settlements rather than relocating residents, through a process called reblocking. How exactly settlement upgrading, in terms of water and sanitation and the larger range of needs that comes with it, plays out is an on-going challenge.
Previous Efforts & Challenges
Other attempts have been made to address the need for water and sanitation provisions in informal settlements. This report analyses many of these efforts in the hopes of learning from the successes and failures to create a communal water and sanitation facility in Langrug. One of these efforts includes the MobiSan facility in Pook se Bos informal settlement in Cape Town. This facility successfully incorporates urine-divergent toilets into the design; a technologically sustainable option looked into throughout this report. One problem found with the MobiSan system was that the residents were not made aware of the purpose of a urine divergent system. Their scepticism about the design made it difficult for them to properly use and understand the facility, showing that involving the community in the facility design is vital to its success. Another facility this report looks into in the Bio-Centre, implemented in many informal settlements within Nairobi, Kenya. This design incorporated a multi-purpose facility with a meeting space, encouraging community initiative to maintain the facility. But a lack of clear communication, regarding objectives, between the many stakeholders in the project made it difficult to get the project off the ground.
Bridging the Gap
The MobiSan and Bio Centre projects not only show innovative technical designs, but introduce the dynamic challenges of community involvement and a multi-stakeholder approach. Past sanitation projects have failed largely due to a lack of community involvement throughout the entire project, from planning and designing phases, to implementation and operational maintenance. When the community has a hand in the process, a sense of ownership and pride is gained. However, this has proven difficult due to factors including distrust and ineffective communication between stakeholders and the community. While there is currently an innovative partnership developing in Langrug between the Municipality of Stellenbosch, NGOs, and the community, using this partnership to its full potential can prove to be a complex task. Therefore, this project goes much further than providing Langrug with more sanitation facilities; rather, it focuses on strengthening this partnership and developing a sustainable model for community-driven efforts.